Testing & Diagnosis
The right tests can help to ensure an accurate NMOSD diagnosis
How NMOSD is diagnosed
While the exact cause of NMOSD is unknown, this disease is typically identified by antibodies associated with a protein called aquaporin-4 (AQP4). Most people with NMOSD test positive for anti-AQP4 autoantibodies (anti-AQP4 antibody positive), while others with NMOSD may test negative (anti-AQP4 antibody negative). One reason for a negative anti-AQP4 antibody test could be that someone has myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies, which are found in people with a different autoimmune disease.
A neurologist can confirm an NMOSD diagnosis by:
- Evidence of a positive blood test for NMOSD–anti-aquaporin-4 autoantibodies
- At least 1 to 2 core symptoms of the disease, such as eye pain or muscle weakness
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, spinal cord, and/or optic nerve
- Identification of certain patterns in signs and symptoms, such as location and extent of tissue damage
As NMOSD is often initially misdiagnosed, it's important to get the correct diagnosis as early as you can to reduce the risk of future attacks.
Discover the steps to an anti-AQP4 antibody-positive NMOSD diagnosis
Talk to your doctor
Get these helpful tips for talking to your doctor and bring them to your next appointment.
Request a cell-based assay
A simple blood test, preferably a cell-based assay, for anti-AQP4 antibodies associated with NMOSD is a crucial part of an accurate diagnosis.
Discuss management options
Getting a proper diagnosis as soon as possible is essential to help reduce the risk of further symptom attacks.
In addition to a blood antibody test, a doctor's diagnosis of NMOSD is based on a patient's medical history, physical exam, and a variety of specialized tests. Some of these tests may include an examination of cerebrospinal fluid, MRI, or optical coherence tomography.
Navigate your NMOSD
It's important to understand your condition and how to get a proper diagnosis. Connect with your local Patient Education Manager so they can help you understand more about testing for NMOSD.
