References: 1. Piatek P, Domowicz M, Lewkowicz N, et al. C5a-preactivated
neutrophils are critical for autoimmune-induced astrocyte dysregulation in neuromyelitis optica
spectrum disorder. Front Immunol. 2018;9:1694. 2. Chamberlain JL, Huda
S, Whittam DH, Matiello M, Morgan BP, Jacob A. Role of complement and potential of complement
inhibitors in myasthenia gravis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: a brief review.
J Neurol. 2021;268(5):1643-1664. 3. Jarius S, Ruprecht K, Wildemann B,
et al. Contrasting disease patterns in seropositive and seronegative neuromyelitis optica: a
multicentre study of 175 patients. J Neuroinflammation. 2012;9:14. 4.
Mealy MA, Kessler RA, Rimler Z, et al. Mortality in neuromyelitis optica is strongly associated
with African ancestry. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2018;5(4):e468.
5. Kitley J, Leite MI, Nakashima I, et al. Prognostic factors and disease
course in aquaporin-4 antibody-positive patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
from the United Kingdom and Japan. Brain. 2012;135(pt 6):1834-1849. 6.
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In AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD,
Attacks destroy astrocytes and may be shattering to patients1-4
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system in which recurrent relapses* can result in cumulative disability, potentially including blindness, paralysis, and, less frequently, premature death.1,2,5
AQP4-IgG+, aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G positive.
This is a hypothetical patient.
NMOSD PATHOPHYSIOLOGY*The terms “attack” and “relapse” are used interchangeably.