How Diagnosis Works
Navigating an NMOSD diagnosis
NMOSD, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.
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How NMOSD is diagnosed
The journey to diagnosis can be long, with the disease sometimes being misdiagnosed. NMOSD is a distinct disease from other central nervous system diseases like multiple sclerosis. Most people with NMOSD test positive for anti-aquaporin-4 autoantibodies (anti-AQP4 antibody positive).
A neurologist can confirm an NMOSD diagnosis by:
- Evidence of a positive blood test for NMOSD-specific antibodies
- At least 1 to 2 core symptoms of the disease, such as eye pain or muscle weakness
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, spinal cord, and/or optic nerve
- Identification of certain patterns in symptoms, such as location and extent of tissue damage
Discover the steps to an anti-AQP4 antibody-positive NMOSD diagnosis
Talk to your doctor
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Get these helpful tips for talking to your doctor and bring them to your next appointment.
Request a cell-based assay
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A simple blood test, preferably a cell-based assay, for anti-AQP4 antibodies associated with NMOSD is a crucial part of an accurate diagnosis.
Discuss management options
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Getting a proper diagnosis as soon as possible is essential to help reduce the risk of further symptom attacks.
In addition to a blood antibody test, a doctor's diagnosis of NMOSD is based on a patient's medical history, physical exam, and a variety of specialized tests. Some of these tests may include an examination of cerebrospinal fluid, MRI, or optical coherence tomography.